Resumo Conhecido popularmente como, o besouro-amarelo do eucalipto, Costalimaita ferrugínea (Fabricius, 1801) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), na fase adulta alimenta-se das folhas da mirtácea deixando-as rendilhadas, fato este que prejudica a produtividade dos plantios. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo modelar a distribuição potencial do besouro em cenários de mudanças climáticas para o Brasil. Os dados bióticos foram levantados através de revisão de literatura e de coleções entomológicas, totalizando 88 pontos georreferenciados de ocorrência do inseto no país. Os dados abióticos (19 biovariáveis, precipitação e temperatura mínima, média e máxima) no banco de dados Wordlclim, representando os períodos: atual (1970-2000), meio (2041-2060) e final (2061-2080) do século, com representação em duas projeções de anomalias climáticas (RCP 4.5 e RCP 8.5). De modo a determinar as variáveis mais importantes para os modelos, foi realizado o teste Jackknife no software Maxent, o qual resultou em cinco biovariáveis, sendo elas: precipitação anual (35.2%), sazonalidade da temperatura (15.2%), variação anual de temperatura (13.7%), sazonalidade de precipitação (8.7%) e temperatura média do trimestre mais frio (7.4%). Posteriormente, utilizou-se o software Openmodeller e testados cinco algoritmos, para determinar qual modelo representa a predição de áreas de adequabilidade para a ocorrência do inseto. O algoritmo que melhor representou as áreas adequadas foi o Envelope Score (AUC = 0.808), corroborando com os dados de ocorrência levantados. A predição mostra que o bioma Pampa, no cenário RCP8.5 para o período entre 2061-2080 se tornará totalmente adequado à ocorrência desse besouro desfolhador, ao contrário da Amazônia, que apresenta retração nas áreas adequadas à ocorrência do besouro para o mesmo período. Nesse sentido, plantios comerciais de eucalipto implementados em áreas climatologicamente adequadas à ocorrência desse inseto devem ser monitoradas periodicamente.

Abstract Popularly known as the yellow eucalyptus beetle, Costalimaita ferruginea (Fabricius, 1801) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in the adult phase it feeds on the leaves of the myrtaceae, leaving them laced, a fact that impairs the productivity of plantations. Therefore, this work aims to model the potential distribution of the beetle in climate change scenarios for Brazil. The biotic data were collected through a review of the literature and entomological collections, totaling 88 georeferenced points of occurrence of the insect in the country. The abiotic data (19 biovariables, precipitation and minimum, average and maximum temperature) in the Wordcllim database, represent the periods: current (1970-2000), middle (2041-2060), and final (2061-2080) of the century, with representation in two projections of climatic anomalies (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). To determine the most important variables for the models, the Jackknife test was performed in the Maxent software, which resulted in five biovariables, namely: annual precipitation (35.2%), temperature seasonality (15.2%), annual temperature variation (13.7%), seasonality of precipitation (8.7%) and an average temperature of the coldest quarter (7.4%). Subsequently, the Openmodeller software was used and five algorithms were tested to determine which model represents the prediction of areas of suitability for the occurrence of the insect. The algorithm that best represented the appropriate areas was the Envelope Score (AUC = 0.808), corroborating the occurrence data collected. The prediction shows that the Pampa biome, in the RCP8.5 scenario for the period between 2061-2080, will become fully suitable for the occurrence of this defoliator beetle, unlike the Amazon, which presents retraction in areas suitable for the occurrence of the beetle for the same period. In this sense, commercial eucalyptus plantations implemented in climatologically suitable areas for the occurrence of this insect must be monitored periodically.

Resumo Cerâmicas com porosidade controlada apresentam elevado potencial de aplicação como membranas para separação gasosa e processos de dessalinização. As propriedades e o desempenho desses materiais estão diretamente relacionados ao seu processo de fabricação. Assim, é de vital importância que as variáveis do processo utilizado sejam conhecidas e controladas. Neste trabalho, cerâmicas porosas à base de alumina foram obtidas por meio do processo freeze-casting. Foram utilizados terc-butanol como solvente e ácido cítrico como dispersante. As amostras foram fabricadas a partir de suspensões com concentrações de alumina variando entre 15 e 30% em volume. Elas apresentaram redução linear da porosidade total (entre 48 e 73%) e porosidade fechada inferior a 2%. A resistência à flexão desses materiais variou entre 3,6 ± 0,7 e 21,9 ± 0,6 MPa. Ensaios de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microtomografia de raios X revelaram que as amostras apresentaram elevada conectividade de poros e orientação preferencial de poros. As alterações nas condições de processamento resultaram em materiais com estruturas porosas distintas, demonstrando a versatilidade do processo freeze-casting.

Abstract Porous materials have attracted great attention as a new class of materials with a wide range of applications, including membranes for gas separation and desalination. It is well established that the properties of porous ceramic materials are related to the manufacturing process. Thus, the knowledge and control of the process parameters is a key issue for tailoring the properties of these materials. In this work alumina-based supports were prepared using tert-butyl alcohol as the solvent and citric acid as the dispersant. When the solid loading was increased from 15 to 30 vol%, the total porosity of the alumina ceramic decreased linearly from 73 to 48%. The samples showed a closed porosity below 2%. The flexural strength of these materials ranged from 3.6 ± 0.7 to 21.9 ± 0.6 MPa. The freeze-cast porous alumina was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray microtomography. The obtained samples exhibited a well-connected and ordered pore network. The results obtained in this work confirm the versatility of freeze-casting process for preparing porous ceramic materials.

O estudo de materiais de alto desempenho e multifuncionais, como os compósitos poliméricos cimentícios, tem sido o foco de inúmeras pesquisas na indústria da construção civil. Este trabalho investiga o efeito da combinação de uma fase polimérica termorrígida, uma resina epóxi, com cimento Portland branco estrutural, seguido da avaliação da resistência à compressão e módulo de elasticidade. Este compósito, quando comparado individualmente com as suas matérias-prima originais, promove um aumento da resistência mecânica à compressão, redução da massa específica e, também uma mudança significativa do comportamento mecânico. As mudanças nas propriedades mecânicas estão associadas à hidratação da fase cimentícia na presença da resina, fato comprovado através da análise espectroscópica na região do infravermelho.

The study of multi-functional materials of high performance, as the polymeric-cementitious composites, has been the focus of several researches in the industry of the civil engineering. This work investigates the effect of the combination of a thermorigid epoxy phase and the white Portland cement, followed by the evaluation of its compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. This composite, when the phases are individually compared, provides an increase of the compressive strength, a reduction of the density, and a significant change of the mechanical behaviour. The changes in mechanical behaviour are associated with the hydration of cement in the presence of resin, which was evident after infrared spectroscopy analysis.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that can lead to tissue damage and death. In order to increase our understanding of sepsis, experimental models are needed that produce relevant immune and inflammatory responses during a septic event. We describe a lipopolysaccharide tolerance mouse model to characterize the cellular and molecular alterations of immune cells during sepsis. The model presents a typical lipopolysaccharide tolerance pattern in which tolerance is related to decreased production and secretion of cytokines after a subsequent exposure to a lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide. The initial lipopolysaccharide exposure also altered the expression patterns of cytokines and was followed by an 8- and a 1.5-fold increase in the T helper 1 and 2 cell subpopulations. Behavioral data indicate a decrease in spontaneous activity and an increase in body temperature following exposure to lipopolysaccharide. In contrast, tolerant animals maintained production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide when terminally challenged by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Survival study after CLP showed protection in tolerant compared to naive animals. Spleen mass increased in tolerant animals followed by increases of B lymphocytes and subpopulation Th1 cells. An increase in the number of stem cells was found in spleen and bone marrow. We also showed that administration of spleen or bone marrow cells from tolerant to naive animals transfers the acquired resistance status. In conclusion, lipopolysaccharide tolerance is a natural reprogramming of the immune system that increases the number of immune cells, particularly T helper 1 cells, and does not reduce oxidative stress.

Neste trabalho é descrita a formação, sobre o aço silício de grão orientado, de um filme cerâmico obtido a partir de MgO contendo os aditivos TiO2 e SrSO4. O material foi tratado termicamente a 900 0C, 1000 0C e 1200 0C e por 15 horas a 1200 0C. O recobrimento foi analisado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microssonda eletrônica (EDS), difração de raios X e espectroscopia de centelhamento (GDS). A evolução morfológica observada se passa com a formação de uma camada contínua de óxidos na superfície mais externa do material. Com a elevação da temperatura a camada mais externa torna-se mais espessa e aumenta o teor de Mg nas partículas presentes na sub-camada. É possível verificar a presença de forsterita cristalina na superfície das amostras tratadas a temperaturas superiores a 1000 0C. A profundidade de penetração do Mg no material aumenta com a elevação da temperatura, passando de cerca de 75 nm a 900 0C para aproximadamente 1,9 mim a 1200 0C.

In this work the formation on grain oriented silicon steel of a ceramic film obtained using MgO and TiO2 and SrSO4 additives is described . The material was heat treated at 900 0C, 1000 0C and 1200 0C and for 15 hours at 1200 0C. The coating was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron microprobe (EDS), X-ray diffraction and glow discharge spectroscopy (GDS). The observed morphological evolution occurs with the formation of a continuous oxide layer on the outermost surface of the sheet. As the temperature is raised, the outermost surface layer becomes thicker while the particles formed underneath becomes richer in Mg. Beyond 1000 0C the formation of crystalline forsterite on the surface of the sheet was observed. The penetration depth of Mg in the material increases as the heat treatment temperature is raised, going from 75 nm at 900 0C to approximately 1.9 mum at 1200 0C.

We present a Hamiltonian treatment of the Landau-Ginzburg theory of phase transitions in the case of incommensurate ferroelectric systems like (NH4)2BeF4. This formulation has the advantage of treating the system as an example of a nonlinear dynamical system.

We have performed some calculations involving two eigenmode frequencies of 2H - TaSe2. We have obtained a good comparison with some well established Raman scattering data for the commensurate and incommensurate charge-density-wave phases in this compound. We outline an approximated method to compute the determinantal equation.